Neonatal Outcome (ART)
The health outcomes of babies born after assisted reproductive technology, generally comparable to natural conception.
Large registry studies (SART, ESHRE) show that singleton babies born after IVF have slightly higher rates of preterm birth and low birth weight compared to naturally conceived singletons, largely attributable to underlying parental infertility rather than IVF itself.
Twin and higher-order pregnancies from ART carry substantially higher perinatal risks, which is a key reason for the shift toward single embryo transfer. Congenital abnormality rates after IVF are slightly elevated in some studies (attributable to ICSI or parental factors) but remain low in absolute terms.
Long-term follow-up studies of children born after IVF show normal developmental, cognitive, and cardiovascular outcomes.
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