Endometriosis

Endometriosis affects roughly 1 in 10 women of reproductive age and up to 50% of women with infertility. Endometrial-like tissue implants on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic peritoneum, or other organs. It causes inflammation, adhesions, and pain — but some women have no symptoms and are diagnosed only during fertility workup.

The condition reduces fertility through distorted pelvic anatomy, impaired egg quality, altered hormonal environment, and possible effects on embryo implantation. Diagnosis requires laparoscopy for definitive confirmation, though MRI or ultrasound can detect certain lesions. Treatment options include excision surgery, hormonal suppression, or moving directly to IVF depending on severity and patient goals.